Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China has always adhered to economic construction as the center, achieved long-term and high-speed economic growth. People’s lives have undergone tremendous changes. From 1978 to 2017, the number of employed people in China increased by nearly 10 million annually, and a large amount of surplus rural labor force was transferred to non-agricultural industries with high efficiency and high income. Per capita disposable income rose from 171 yuan to 25,974 yuan, representing an average annual growth rate of 8.5 percent. In the past 40 years, the Chinese people have moved from a life of insufficient food and clothing to an all-round well-off life. According to the 2010 standard, 740 million people in China’s rural areas have been lifted out of absolute poverty, and the poverty incidence rate has dropped significantly from 97.5% to 3.1%, contributing over 70% to global poverty reduction and creating a miracle in the history of human poverty reduction. Over the past 40 years, China has made remarkable achievements in large-scale poverty reduction, laying a solid foundation for targeted poverty alleviation in recent years and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020.