As is well-known, Outlines of the Critique of Political Economy (hereinafter referred to as the Grundrisse) enjoys a unique theoretical status in the development history of Marxist thought. Marx criticized the essence of political economy and capitalist mode of production from the perspective of historical materialism. In previous studies, this constituted the main sphere of interpretation, helping us understand how Marx upheld historical materialism and criticized political economy in the Grundrisse. However, it is also noted that based on his researches of technology contained in the Brussels Notebooks and London Notebooks, Marx conducted a critical analysis of the fundamental form, historical origin, and substantive characteristics of mode of production of capital. This theoretical attempt implies that Marx began to delve into the process of capitalist production genuinely and uncovered the historical enigma of capitalist relations of production more thoroughly, thus deepening his critique of the political economy. This largely marked the outset from which Marx systematically constructed a scientific theory on the capitalist mode of production.