To commemorate the 200th anniversary of Karl Marx’s birthday, the new Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe (Marx and Engels, 2017) (hereinafter, MEGA2 I/5 volume) was published in November 2017, supported by the Internationale Marx-Engels-Stiftung (IMES) and in the charge of Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (BBAW). This volume has attracted much attention as it includes Die deutsche Ideologie, or The German Ideology, which is known as the birthplace of historical materialism. The publication of MEGA2 I/5 volume fulfills the editors’ desire to restore the original appearance of the original manuscripts, making it a special edition with great historical significance. In order to better understand the significance of this edition and to keep updated with the current state of international research, this article intends to examine the three issues in the philological studies of The German Ideology based on the history of documents and problems before the publication of MEGA2 I/5 volume. This will establish the theoretical background of the philological studies of The German Ideology in order to provide Chinese researchers with further inspirations for the study of The German Ideology.